Math Curriculum Standards

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GRADES

Pre K - 2

3 - 5
Number and Operations
Algebra
Data Analysis and Probability

9 - 12

SOURCE: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Principles and Standards for School Mathematics

Standards — Grades 3 - 5

Number and Operations Standard
Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems

•	understand the place-value structure of the base-ten number system and be able to represent and compare whole numbers and decimals;
•	develop understanding of fractions as parts of unit wholes, as parts of a collection, as locations on number lines, and as divisions of whole numbers;
•	recognize and generate equivalent forms of commonly used fractions, decimals, and percents;
•	explore numbers less than 0 by extending the number line and through familiar applications.

Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another

•

understand various meanings of multiplication and division;

•

understand the effects of multiplying and dividing whole numbers;

•

identify and use relationships between operations, such as division as the inverse of multiplication, to solve problems.

Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates

•

develop fluency in adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing whole numbers;

•

develop and use strategies to estimate computations involving fractions and decimals in situations relevant to students' experience.

Algebra

Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships

•	model problem situations with objects and use representations such as graphs, tables, and equations to draw conclusions.

Analyze change in various contexts

•	investigate how a change in one variable relates to a change in a second variable.
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Data Analysis and Probability

Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them

•	represent data using tables and graphs such as line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs;

Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data

•	describe the shape and important features of a set of data and compare related data sets, with an emphasis on how the data are distributed.

Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data

•	propose and justify conclusions and predictions that are based on data and design studies to further investigate the conclusions or predictions.

Understand and apply basic concepts of probability

•	describe events as likely or unlikely and discuss the degree of likelihood using such words as certain, equally likely, and impossible;
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